Only after these modifications is the protein completely functional. They may undergo cleavage, phosphorylation, or may require the addition of other chemical groups. These are known as post-translational modifications. After protein synthesis (translation), most proteins are modified. While the terms polypeptide and protein are sometimes used interchangeably, a polypeptide is technically a polymer of amino acids, whereas the term protein is used for a polypeptide or polypeptides that have combined together, often have bound non-peptide prosthetic groups, have a distinct shape, and have a unique function. This end is called the N terminal, or the amino terminal, and the other end has a free carboxyl group, also known as the C or carboxyl terminal. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. As more amino acids join to this growing chain, the resulting chain is known as a polypeptide. The products formed by such linkages are called peptides. In the process, a molecule of water is released. The carboxyl group of one amino acid is linked to the amino group of the incoming amino acid. \): Peptide bond formation is a dehydration synthesis reaction.
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